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Nephrogenic adenoma Diverticulum urethra Abstract The 3rd case of nephrogenic adenoma in the urethral diverticulum of a female is reported herein. A short review of the literature is presented. F. Aragona, MD, Istituto di Urologia, Monoblocco Ospedaliero, Via Giustiniani 2, I-35100 Padova (Italy) Introduction Nephrogenic adenoma (NA) is an uncommon lesion of the urinary tract, whose etiology is still debated. Although the lesion can occur throughout the urinary tract, most of the reported cases were located in the bladder. As far as we know, only 2 cases of NA within the urethral diverticulum have been previously reported: 1 by Peterson and Matsumoto [13], and 1 by Berger et al. [2]. The 3rd case report of the wo rid-wide literature is herein described. Case Report A 32-year-old woman was admitted for evaluation of dysuria, dispareunia and post-voiding dribbling of 4 years of duration. Vaginal examination revealed a sub-urethral tender mass, producing a scanty yellowish discharge from the urethral meatus when palpated. On urinalysis sterile pyuria was present. History included 2 pregnancies (2 and 4 years before) with normal delivery but no urinary tract infections. A positive pressure urethrogram (fig. 1) confirmed the presumptive diagnosis of urethral diverticulum and a transvagi-nal diverticulectomy was performed. Histologic examination showed nephrogenic adenoma (fig. 2A, B). Nine months after surgery the patient is asymptomatic, uricul-tures are negative, and vaginal examination reveals a wellhealed vaginal wall. Conclusions In 1949 David described the first case of NA of the bladder referring to it as ‘hamartoma of the bladder’ [4]·